HD3D: Better than any other data.
Our MissionPGS will deliver HD3D data with the best processing quality, the best survey efficiency, the best 4D repeatability, supported by the most dedicated research and development, and provided with the best service. Our goal is to build and defend our position as the leading provider of HD3D data. We add value for our customers and provide a
clearer image of the reservoir every time. |
Marine seismic acquisition technology has now advanced to a stage where it is possible to entertain ambitious and innovative survey solutions that to a large extent may overcome many of the deficiencies historically inherent in 3D seismic.
High density 3D (HD3D) data will meet the first-order challenges to data quality and resolution presented by poor target illumination or wavefield sampling.
HD3D is a robust and efficient solution that can be customized to most exploration and reservoir monitoring challenges. The HD3D acquisition and processing strategies are geophysically transparent, and have been proven worldwide. The methods are particularly applicable for high resolution imaging and 4D monitoring, but also have applications to high-end noise and multiple removal in difficult data areas.
The PGS HD3D product is the most geophysically transparent and robust seismic solution available, able to consistently deliver the best results for almost any seismic challenge.
Introduction to HD3D: The 'perfect' seismic survey
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A 3D seismic survey must satisfy three important criteria in order to deliver the best final products:
- Complete illumination of the target geology. In other words, a high density of seismic energy is uniformly reflected from each subsurface point on the target.
- The reflected seismic wavefield is densely sampled in all directions without aliasing as it encounters the surface. Conventional multi-streamer acquisition delivers coarse sampling of shots and receivers in the ('cross-line') direction orthogonal to shooting.
- Processing accurately reconstructs an image of the subsurface, yielding high-resolution, high-quality products. If criteria one or two are not fully satisfied, then criteria three is doomed to at best only partial success.
Poor target illumination and/or wavefield sampling will result in processing artefacts, poor signal-to-noise ratio, and an inability to extract useful information about the reservoir.
In the worst case, data quality and resolution will be so poor that confidence cannot exist in interpretation, exploratory drilling will be cancelled, field development will be incomplete or stalled, and field production is mismanaged.
The risk of poorly-acquired seismic data is the wasted cost of seismic acquisition, and the cascading effects upon delayed/ cancelled/ incorrect exploration and production drilling programmes.
The HD3D product is an outstanding example of project synergies between pre-survey planning, acquisition, and processing. For brevity, the following discussion applies to marine multi-streamer HD3D, but HD3D is equally applicable to seafloor and land seismic.
To view HD3D as simply towing streamers closer together is incorrect. HD3D begins with the acquisition of more traces per square kilometre (higher trace density). Higher trace densities can be achieved in 3D streamer surveys by many methods, including closer streamers, more frequent shot intervals, longer streamers, closer vessel sail lines, streamer overlap shooting, or multi-azimuth shooting. Higher trace densities can be achieved in 3D land surveys by using a larger receiver patch per shot, using more shot and/or receiver lines, closer line spacings, or smaller source and receiver interval. The choice of method used to increase trace density is tailored to the specific survey objectives and challenges, always constrained by the pursuit of uniform target illumination and dense wavefield sampling. HD3D data will then present the optimal platform for high-end processing and imaging success.
Visit these pages to read more about HD3D:
Uniform Target Illumination: The first step in a successful 3D survey. PGS has pioneered the Multi-Azimuth seismic method as a robust solution to poor target illumination during 'conventional' 3D seismic surveys.
Dense 3D Spatial Sampling & Applications to Time-Lapse 3D (4D):HD3D-4D: The PGS HD3D-4D acquisition method delivers uncompromised repeatability and resolution.
Planning, Dedication, Technology & The End Product: Using sophisiticated 3D processing technologies such as Nucleus and holoSeis, backed by dedicated research and development programs, PGS rapidly delivers a diverse array of HD3D data products, services and a Clearer Image.
HD3D Case-Study Examples: HD3D Case-Study Examples: Outstanding examples of HD3D providing high resolution, overcoming challenges from complex structures or poor reflectivity, and providing high 4D (time lapse) repeatability.
